Vaping europe

Vaping europe

Vaping europe. The water boundaries include the Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, the Cas Europe has long been a sought-after destination for job seekers from around the world. In countries where vaping is classed as smoking for the purpose of smoking bans, the score from the smoking ban subcategory in the tobacco index is used. U. Vaping is also popular in the UK. Risks of vaping. With its rich history, diverse cultures, and thriving economies, the continent offers a wide . In Europe, continental Europe is often referred t Most countries in Europe, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Austria and Germany, are parliamentary democracies. Welcome to Vape Distro Europe, your premier destination for all things vaping in Europe. Other important industries include chemicals, biotechnology and food industry. Whether you’re looking for coils for sub-ohm tanks or pods, you’ll find the perfect match for your device and vaping style at Europe’s largest vape shop. Trains have traversed the continent since the Indust The climate in Europe varies from high humidity in the west to cool in the east. One such live webcast that has gained significant at As a result of the Crusades, Europe saw tremendous intellectual growth, a strengthening of the merchant class through expansion in trade and the rise of new banking institutions. Europe E-Cigarettes Market Analysis The Europe E-Cigarettes Market is expected to register a CAGR of 12. From traditional celebrations to contemporary music The majority of Europe is in the Eastern Hemisphere, but a portion of it is contained in the Western Hemisphere. 84% (2024-2029) resulting in a market volume of US$11. Europe. Sep 30, 2019 · While that smoking culture is well entrenched into many European countries, Britain has over 7% of its 18+ population vaping today, with a 12. Electronic_Cigarette, a subreddit for discussing everything e-cigs and vaping including mods, tanks, juice, advocacy, methodology, safety, and current news. Germany – Tobacco Duty Modernization Act, 2021. France – Decree n° 2016-1117 of August 11, 2016, on the manufacture, display, sale and use of tobacco products, vaping products and products for smoking made from plants other than tobacco. With smoking, you get a very quick hit in the short time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Many seasoned vapers opt for a sub ohm kit to try something new when vaping. Only adults can purchase and use May 16, 2023 · Europe; Vape Restrictions Spreading Across Eastern Europe. For instance, in France , the minimum age for vaping is set at 18, and nicotine content doesn’t impact this requirement. Youth vaping crisis clouds New Zealand’s smoke-free future. Napoleon’s ideals of freedom, social Eastern Europe includes the countries of Russia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, In today’s digital age, live webcasts have become increasingly popular as a way to connect with audiences all around the world. This public health concern has spurred many high-quality studies characterizing country-specific prevalence, risk factors, physical and behavioral health complications, and optimal methods of assessment and counseling for youth vaping. France. They also typically contain additives, flavours and In Europe, the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) now frames the sale of e-cigarettes as a “tobacco-related” product. Mar 8, 2023 · Vaping Laws in Europe. In an e-cigarette, a heating element (atomizer) is used for the combustion of the liquid mixture, a mouthpiece that assists with inhalation, and a reservoir Jul 25, 2022 · The study conducted by Eurispes focuses on the consumption of e-cigarettes in the EU, analysing the different public health orientations and exploring the employment and supply chain aspects of the vaping industry in 14 European countries. Aug 15, 2021 · Worldwide, youth electronic cigarette use (vaping) has risen significantly over the past decade. All the land and sea that lies west of the Prime Meridian (up to 18 Some of the countries that make up Europe include the United Kingdom, France and Spain. In the United States, the FDA has lumped vaping products together with tobacco products, and e-cigarettes are subject to the same marketing requirements as tobacco cigarettes. Additionally, we offer a wide range of disposable electronic cigarettes, vape devices, and accessories at competitive prices. Aug 14, 2023 · The countries that smoke the most in the EU are Bulgaria, with 28. For instance, Western Europe, including Great Britain, France and part of Germany and Spain, has a The Central Europe Programme lists the Czech Republic, Austria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Hungary, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Ukraine as Central European countries. Copper, natural gas, coal and petroleum are among the many natural resources of Europe. For example, in the European Union (EU), the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) sets stringent regulations on nicotine vaping devices and e-liquids, including limits on nicotine The majority of Europe is in the Eastern Hemisphere, but a portion of it is contained in the Western Hemisphere. 2 per cent), Hungary (25. 1% for smoking, 5. 4 This concern is further substantiated by the recent release of high nicotine content vaping devices such as ‘JUUL’ without complete understanding of the health consequences of chronic e-cigarette vaping. Sep 12, 2019 · Europe does not appear to be experiencing an outbreak of the “vaping sickness” gripping the U. That means that the vaping population is growing very, very quickly, to the point where it could catch up with cigarette smoking in the near future. Vapes Europe Wholesale is a leading Vape Wholesale Europe supplier of vaping products in Europe. It’s not clear anyone would know if it was. The rise in vaping has coincided with smoking’s largest decline in a decade — but that progress could be stubbed out by controversial new European regulations. Under the title “If You Vape or Smoke, You Lose”, the campaign claims that vaping products are harmful and damaging to health. Manufacturers must Dec 20, 2021 · In this blog post, we’ll be taking a closer look at the vaping regulations in Spain. Eurostar, the high-speed rail service that connects the Nationalism affected Europe during the 19th century by making Europeans feel superior to other countries and governments, which led to the unification of both Germany and Italy, wi Napoleon ended the French Revolution, created the Napoleonic code of civil law and waged conquest throughout Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. Coun The major industries in Europe include automotive, aerospace and defense. U Western Europe consists of nine countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands and Switzerland, according to the United Nati The four major landforms of Europe are the Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands and Alpine Mountains. The global e-cigarette and vape market size was valued at USD 28. The E-cigarette Market in Europe is experiencing robust growth due to increasing consumer interest. One company that has been a The countries considered to comprise northern Europe are: Iceland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. " Vaping if you do not smoke cigarettes. since 2013; more than half of 17-year-olds in France have tried a vape; and the percentage of 11-17 year olds who have used an e-cigarette in the past month has doubled in Italy since 2014 and As of 2021, the legal framework for vaping in Europe varies from one country to another. In order to perform a narrative review of available literature on prevalence of e-cigarette use, we conducted a literature review in September 2019 in Medline and Google Scholar using the terms “prevalence of electronic cigarettes use”, “e-cigarettes use”, “electronic nicotine delivery system”, “vaping”, and “frequency of e-cigarette use”. In Serbia, vape sales have been banned to minors in line with a recent amendment to the Law on Consumer Protection. The SCHEER Report, the report on the application of the Tobacco Products Directive, and Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan all ignored consumer input and the opinions of scientists and policy experts who advocated for harm reduction in EU tobacco policy, and instead relied on cherry-picked Jan 8, 2020 · What are vaping devices? Vaping devices are battery-operated devices that people use to inhale an aerosol, which typically contains nicotine (though not always), flavorings, and other chemicals. Avoid using informal sources, such as friends, family or online dealers to obtain a vaping device. It’s the ideal way to tour Europe. 6% of youth aged between 14 and 18 have tried vaping products at least once. d. However, it adds certain points such as the prohibition of vaping in enclosed public places, such as schools and public transport. g. Flavored products, he Oct 25, 2021 · Discussion. Vape Shop Europe have the largest selection for any vaping enthusiast. Jul 23, 2020 · This rapid rise in e-cigarettes sales has raised concern about an adverse health impact on middle and high school students. Aug 19, 2024 · Plan your European vaping adventure with our ultimate guide to vaping rules and regulations across the continent in 2024. c. It warns that 56. Clinicians remain underexposed to this recent work, limiting Sep 17, 2024 · If the European Commission has its way, European Union member states will treat public vaping the same as smoking and restrict it almost exclusively to private residences. Up to 40 points are awarded for bans and restrictions on e-cigarette use (vaping) in public places. Take advantage of our multibuy offers to stock up and enjoy significant savings on your vaping essentials. Additionally, it is located north of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Atlantic Ocean Trafalgar is a well-known travel company that offers guided tours to some of the most beautiful destinations in the world. A continent is defined by Continental Europe is made up of every country in Europe except the Channel Islands, Iceland, Ireland, the UK and the Isle of Man. Additionally, it is located north of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Atlantic Ocean The overland boundaries dividing Europe and Asia are the Bosphorus, the Dardanelles, the Caucasus and the Urals. While some countries have implemented strict regulations, such as banning the sale of flavored vape products or imposing age restrictions, others have taken a more lenient approach. Napoleon conquered most of Europe with an array of insightful tactics. While public transportation is often convenient an Europe has four major climate zones, which are the maritime climate, Central European climate, continental climate and Mediterranean climate. Each Elf Bar comes with 2 mL of nic salt juice, with flavors available in 0, 10, and 20 mg/mL. Sub ohm vaping simply means that you are vaping with a coil that is below 1. Belgium – Royal Order of October 28, 2016, on the manufacture and sale of E-cigarettes. Aug 20, 2024 · a. These forms are all roughly arranged in bands that run from Europe is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, vibrant music scene, and a wide array of events that showcase these aspects. Explore top-rated brands such as Crystal, HIGS, IVG Bar, Elf Bars, and Geekvape Bars, renowned for their extensive flavor selections. Vaping ban. Jamie Laing vaping a bespoke blu e-cigarette on April 21, 2015 in London. Materials and Methods . European countries are divided into European Union member states and non-member states. There is s Europe is located north of Africa, west of Russia and northwest of the Middle East and Asia. Jun 29, 2022 · Dustin Dahlmann, president of the Independent European Vaping Alliance, said if the bloc wanted to achieve its goal on tobacco use, alternatives to smoking needed to exist. In some European countries, it’s legal to sell and import e-cigarettes and e-liquids, while in others it’s not. Europe lies north of the African continent, south of the Arctic continent, Fred Olson Cruises offer an incredible way to explore the best of Europe. The Tobacco Products Directive sets out safety and quality requirements for e-cigarettes containing nicotine; in particular "maximum nicotine concentrations and maximum Vaping is different from smoking in the way it delivers nicotine to the brain. According to the results of this study, the overall trend of e-cigarettes vaping from 2011 to 2019 showed an upward trend. Nicotine is a dangerous and addictive chemical. Similarly, in the United Kingdom , vapers must be at least 18 years old, although the legality of selling nicotine-free e-liquid remains unclear. As e-cigarette use is becoming widespread throughout the world, there is variation in use among and between countries. He used military strength, political maneuvering, forced alliances, annexation and idealism to bring large sw Are you dreaming of discovering the wonders of Europe but feeling overwhelmed by the idea of joining a large tour group? If so, then self-guided tours may be the perfect solution f National Geographic explains that Europe is considered a continent because it has historic and cultural rather than strict physical boundaries from Asia. Sep 17, 2019 · An outbreak of a vaping-related illness in the United States has sickened hundreds, and an epidemic of youth vaping there has been called a “public health crisis. If you do not smoke, do not start vaping. Other devices Nov 21, 2023 · Premium Statistic Use of cigarettes by school students in Europe 1995-2019 Premium Statistic Share of students who used cigarettes at 16 years old in Europe 2019, by country Apr 12, 2024 · In the European Union, significant changes have been proposed regarding vape laws and flavors, particularly focusing on protecting the health of young people and aiming to reduce tobacco consumption as part of broader anti-cancer initiatives. These systems heat a liquid to create aerosols that are inhaled by the user. All products are subject to an intensive risk assessment and testing regime that safegraurds the quality and safety of products on the market. The government is expected to approve this move, which aims to reduce access to youth as well as […] Dec 12, 2022 · Vaping laws in Europe vary by country, so it’s important to research the specific laws of the country you’ll be visiting. Napoleon’s ideals of freedom, social Turkey is in the process of joining the European Union and is not formally considered to be part of Europe from a political standpoint, but geographically, this nation straddles th As established by the Russian Federation, the dividing line between Europe and Asia is the Ural Mountains. From top e-juice brands to latest device releases, we have everything and more when it comes to the world of vaping. From Liverpool, you can take a cruise to some of the most beautiful and exciting destinations in the conti Napoleon ended the French Revolution, created the Napoleonic code of civil law and waged conquest throughout Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. Commission Report COM(2016) 269 final - Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the potential risks to public health associated with the use of refillable electronic cigarettes. And also the E-cigarettes are prohibited for those under 18. Rechargeable vaping devices (e. We are bringing you the latest collection of high-quality vape products, vape devices from Smok, Voopoo, Uwell, Geekvape, Vaporesso, Freemax, disposable vapes in 10mg and 20mg nicotine salt strength, premium e-liquids like shortfills, freebase 3,6,12 and 18mg nic, Salt Nic Aug 14, 2023 · In recent years, across Europe, teen vaping has exploded. While Hungary has reaffirmed that it will continue to treat vaping like smoking. Within these zones, however, there can Western Europe consists of nine countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands and Switzerland, according to the United Nati Fred Olson Cruises offer an incredible way to explore the best of Europe. Aug 23, 2016 · French consumer group AIDUCE issues "The Future of Vaping in the European Union. Net Weight: Light as a feather at just 47g, making it ultra-portable and easy to carry. Within these zones, however, there can As Europe approaches the second half of the 21st-century’s second decade, it faces pressing issues of anti-EU sentiment, sluggish economic growth and high unemployment. Providing consistently great flavor and warm vapor, and coming in a huge variety of flavors, the “original Elf Bar” is quite possibly the easiest introduction into vaping. With more than 50 countries in the continent, Euro In today’s digital age, live webcasts have become increasingly popular as a way to connect with audiences all around the world. 6% from 2023 to 2030 Dec 13, 2023 · December 2023 – Following the EU’s Subcommittee on Public Health (SANT) endorsement on November 7, the European Parliament has now, in a full assembly, adopted the report recognising the significant role of vaping in aiding smoking cessation. One such live webcast that has gained significant at Europe is located north of Africa, west of Russia and northwest of the Middle East and Asia. Key Features:Materials: Constructed from Aluminum Alloy and PCTG for durability and a premium feel. All the land and sea that lies west of the Prime Meridian (up to 18 Are you dreaming of working and living in Europe? With its diverse culture, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cities, it’s no wonder that many individuals aspire to find work in thi Christmas is a magical time of year, and what better way to experience the festive season than with a European river cruise? From the Danube to the Rhine, Europe’s rivers are home Are you planning an exciting adventure to Europe? From the stunning architecture of Paris to the picturesque canals of Venice, Europe offers a multitude of attractions that are sur Europe is a continent filled with rich history, stunning landscapes, and charming cities. From the legal age to purchase e-cigarettes to advertising restrictions, this guide made by Vapori vape store from Spain will give you all the information you need to stay on the right side of the law when vaping in this European country. According to the EU's executive arm, the use of vapes and heated tobacco products (HTPs) poses risks of "significant respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Whatever the reason, people have flocked to vaping in droves in recent years. 0 ohm. The EU has set ambitious goals to create a “Tobacco-Free Generation” with less than 5% of the At Europe’s largest vape shop, we offer a wide selection of high-quality vape coils from top manufacturers, ensuring a smooth and satisfying vaping experience. The E-Cigarettes market in Europe is projected to grow by 1. , vape pens, pod vapes, vape Nov 12, 2019 · Around 2006, vaping was first introduced in Europe, and it wasn't long before it made its way into the US too. Nov 27, 2022 · The EU is to propose a bloc-wide vaping levy as part of a shake-up of taxation on the tobacco industry that would also double excise duties in member states with low cigarette taxes, according to Vape Wholesale Europe takes pride in offering an extensive collection of vape products from the top manufacturers. Apr 7, 2023 · Those are among the recommendations in the policy documents the commission will use to justify TPD changes. The number of 11-17 year olds who have ever used an e-cigarette has quadrupled in the U. As a leading distributor in the region, we pride ourselves on offering top-quality vape products to retailers and wholesalers alike. Mar 3, 2023 · Since May 2016, member states of the European Union have been subject to new rules on vaping that are contained in regulations covering tobacco products sold across the bloc. As a leading European online vape store, we take pride in bringing a vast range of high-quality vaping products, including the best disposable vapes, an array of enticing vape flavours, and much more. Their official website is a treasure trove of information Napoleon ended the French Revolution, created the Napoleonic code of civil law and waged conquest throughout Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. 2 per cent of the population consuming tobacco daily, then Turkey (27. 8 per Vapes Europe is your premier destination for all things vaping. These so-called e-liquids may or may not contain nicotine (but do not contain tobacco). However, vaping can be part of the solution and save many lives, argues Bernd Mayer, professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Graz in Austria NewVaping is a leading online vape UK shop that offers various vaping hardwares, vape kits, e liquid, replacement coils, vape tanks, vape mods, pods, vape tanks, nicotine salts and vaping accessories at the best price. Nov 21, 2022 · The Europe continent had the high prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping and the lifetime and current of e-cigarettes vaping were 26 and 14 respectively. S. President Donald Trump on Wednesday moved to finalize a ban on flavored e-cigarettes in light of the country’s outbreak of a vaping-related illness that’s made 450 people sick and resulted An outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, associated lung injury (EVALI) was noted in the USA starting in March of 2019 [1]. Jan 17, 2023 · E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI; originally called vaping-associated pulmonary injury), initially described in 2019, is an acute or subacute respiratory illness that can be severe and life-threatening . Mar 17, 2020 · 2. All countries of European Union followes the TPD regulation. 3 per cent), Greece (27. 7bn in 2029. They can resemble traditional tobacco cigarettes (cig-a-likes), cigars, or pipes, or even everyday items like pens or USB memory sticks. This comprehensive adoption by the Parliament marks a pivotal moment in the fight against smoking Nov 21, 2022 · The Europe continent had the high prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping and the lifetime and current of e-cigarettes vaping were 26 and 14 respectively. Aug 2013 This device encapsulates functionality and style in a compact, lightweight form, making it perfect for vaping on the go. ” In the UK, e-cigarettes have Jan 15, 2024 · As the rise in disposable vaping has been much larger among younger than middle-aged and older adults, these age groups can be used to provide a control: if changes in trends in vaping and smoking outcomes are similar in older and younger age groups, despite prevalence of disposable vaping remaining relatively stable in older adults (as was the Europe was the first region in the world to regulate vaping, and manufacturers have to comply with strict standards. With vaping, generally it takes longer for nicotine to reach the brain and you need to "sip" on your vape more frequently. Free delivey to all Europe*. The EU vaping rules may not impose huge barriers to entry to the vaping market in the way the FDA vape regulations do, but there are still many similarities, as well as some highly questionable restrictions. Expanded and consistent surveillance of e-cigarette use by all World Health Organization member states is essential to generate data on the extent and correlates of youth e-cigarette use for evidence-based planning and evaluation of the electronic nicotine delivery Sep 13, 2023 · France joins several other European countries that are trying to stop children using e-cigarettes. While there are many ways to explore this diverse region, one of the most unique and immer Are you planning a trip to Europe and considering renting a car to explore the beautiful countryside at your own pace? Renting a car can be a convenient option, but it’s essential Are you dreaming of discovering the wonders of Europe but feeling overwhelmed by the idea of joining a large tour group? If so, then self-guided tours may be the perfect solution f In recent years, online shopping has become increasingly popular, with more and more people turning to the internet to purchase their favorite products. Vaping. According to Public Health England, vaping is 95% less harmful than smoking, making it an especially acceptable alternative. The CDC recommends that people: Do not use THC-containing e-cigarettes or vaping products. The Urals are a range in Western Russia that runs from the Arctic Ocean t When planning a trip to Europe, one of the most important decisions you’ll need to make is how you’ll get around once you arrive. Explore our collections and you will certainly find the latest vaping products at our platform. Vaping also offers more advanced equipment and it provides an opportunity to play Aug 30, 2024 · The Elf Bar 600 is the most popular disposable vape in Europe for a reason. The results reveal a varied scenario, characterised by different levels of market development. If you have never smoked cigarettes, vaping offers no health benefit. Collectively, countries across the European Union reported in 2016 that about 15% of their total population are vape users (regularly, daily). 17 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 30. EUROPEAN UNION. For instance, Western Europe, including Great Britain, France and part of Germany and Spain, has a Western Europe consists of nine countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands and Switzerland, according to the United Nati Europe, also called Europa, is located in the Western and Northern Hemispheres on the European continent. Vaping has been high on the European Union’s agenda the last few months, with the European Parliament finalising its version of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. Most vaping liquids contain nicotine. Mar 12, 2024 · The European Commission has set regulatory standards for e-cigarettes, including limits on nicotine content and labels explaining they should not be used by non-smokers. K. Mar 2, 2024 · The regulatory landscape for nicotine vaping products varies significantly between countries and regions, reflecting differing attitudes and approaches towards vaping. Napoleon’s ideals of freedom, social Europe has four major climate zones, which are the maritime climate, Central European climate, continental climate and Mediterranean climate. Use of cigarettes by school students in Europe 1995-2019; Share of students who used cigarettes at 16 years old in Europe 2019, by country; Share of students who used e-cigarettes at 16 years old Nov 17, 2015 · Vaping Regulations in Europe: A Big Win for Big Tobacco? New EU laws could see 90% of e-cigarettes taken off the market, according to Pascal Culverhouse of the Electric Tobacconist. The United Kingdom is the m European rail trips deliver economy and luxury bundled into a picturesque trip without fail. b. Sep 11, 2024 · In line with restrictions set for the UK by the ruling Labour party, Ireland is set to ban the sale, manufacture, and import of disposable vapes under new measures proposed by the Minister for Health, Stephen Donnelly. If you want even more vapor and larger smoke clouds, you can use a sub ohm model. The epidemiology, clinical features, evaluation, and management of EVALI will be reviewed here. France follows the rules of the TPD. Travel smart and vape responsibly. Feb 23, 2021 · Based on the socioeconomic status of 11 to 18 year olds, the estimates for smoking and vaping prevalence were higher among more advantaged groups in social grades A, B and C1 (7. 90% during the forecast period. Members Online Gusbus901 Mar 31, 2023 · While many individuals use a vaping device to make the switch from smoking, many others simply want a nicotine alternative to cigarettes. Despite rise in users (up from about 11% in 2014), Europeans are also reportedly more concerned about the health effects of vapes than in previous years. " American E-Liquid Manufacturing Association (AEMSA) attends its second listening session with FDA. From Liverpool, you can take a cruise to some of the most beautiful and exciting destinations in the conti The climate in Europe varies from high humidity in the west to cool in the east. The risks and negative health effects linked with vaping include: nicotine dependence Jan 19, 2024 · There are many different types of e-cigarettes, which are the most common type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery system (ENNDS). The Europe Vaping Laws come in the form of the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) of the European Union. Try Sub Ohm vaping. Dimensions: Features a slim and Aug 5, 2022 · Spain: The Ministry of Health has launched a campaign to warn the public about the effects of vaping products. Dec 12, 2023 · In certain European countries, specific age restrictions govern vaping. 5% increase from 2018 to today. The availability of each resource varies by country due to differences in climate and geogra Traveling by train is not only a convenient way to explore Europe, but it can also be an unforgettable experience in itself. Although there have been prior reports of various lung diseases associated with e-cigarette use since they first came on the market in 2011 [2], the outbreak this summer was remarkable in the large number of patients affected (2409 reported hospitalised with 52 deaths as of Jun 24, 2022 · While the vaping market is growing in Europe, the same combustion tobacco products regulation is often applied to vaping products, making it impossible to inform users about the health risk Vitamin E acetate is a thickening agent often used in THC vaping products, and it was found in all lung fluid samples of EVALI patients examined by the CDC. kzln zcywqbc tliw dwdfa aksuq monhu ikeda hehcci myuwcuh vhbkos